With the ``parts'' left over from death, they can be used in new functional ways that could not occurred in the original creating context. Without reproduction in the living sense, novel molecules created by novel chemical processes must survive many different environments after the chemical environment that created it had long ago died. Novelty must be stored in stable dynamic structures that can survive death. Eventually enough novel molecules will form the basis for the creation of a new level of complexity.
This process is generic to other levels of complexity. For example, we, as human organisms, are made of atoms formed as nuclei in a red-giant star that has long been dead. We could not exist without the death of those types of stars. The red-giants and supernovae serve as far-from-equilibrium dissipative structures creating stable micro-entities within a galaxy (itself a dissipative structure) that are necessary for further evolution of complexity [[18], chapter 9].
Massive death can provide a great deal of dynamic material for the further evolution. Another example of this process is the accumulation of petroleum in the earth crust. Human civilization depends on oil, which is the result of the massive accumulation complex organic molecules of the Carboniferous period, when plants dominated the land. Other examples of this process may include the formation of galaxies by the death of antimatter, accumulation of organic molecules in soil for development of land plants, and the biogenesis origin of key metal deposits for the use by man.
The challenge is to understand exactly how these example evolutions occurred and how other evolutions are similar in the underlying process of increasing complexity. The process and structure of the universe has evolved via multiple levels of dissipative structures and our very existence is built upon multiple levels of complexity arising from this situation [10]. The prediction is that massive ``deaths'' in the evolution of complexity are necessary.