Major Material Complexity Level 4: A Cellular System: Gaia Systems
Context: Level 3: Planet Systems
Macrosystem: Gaia (only known example)
Level 4 Chaotic Layer(weather subsystem: Earth): Autocatalytic Systems
Chaotic Center: Planet's Active Crust
 
Monomers, Polymers
Microsystems: Autocatalytic sets (replicating polymers)
 
Replicating-Dissipating Subsystems: RNA, viriods, proteins, lipids,
carbohydrates
Bibliography
-
Gold, Thomas, The Deep Hot Biosphere, Copernicus Books, 1999.
-
Lovelock, James, Gaia : A New Look at Life
on Earth, Oxford University Press, 1987.
-
Volk, Tyler, Gaia's
Body, Springer-Verlag, 1997.
Level 4 Order Layer (geologic subsystem Gaia): Cellular Systems
Order Region: Organic Sphere ("Complex Organic" of Earth's crust,
ocean, and atmosphere)
Microsystems: Procaryotes (replicating cells)
Cell communication
 
Replicating-Dissipating Subsystems:: Polymers: proteins, lipids,
nucleic acids (phages, plasmids)
Molecular Order (dissipated) Subsystems: Iron Oxide, Calcium
carbonate
 
Bibliography
-
Knoll, Andrew, Life on a Young Planet, The first three billion years
of evolution, Princeton University, 2003.
-
Lane, Nick, Oxygen: The molecule that made the world, Oxford Press,
2003.
-
Margulis, Lynn and Dorion Sagan, Microcosmos: Four Billion Years of Evolution from Our Microbial Ancestors,University of California Press, 1986.
Material Subsystems: viruses, procaryotes, ribosomes, mesosomes,
Microsystems: Eucaryotic Organisms (proctistia)
Bibliography
-
Molecular Biology of the Cell, Third Edition, Editors: Bruce Alberts,Dennis Bray,Julian Lewis,Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, James D. Watson.
- Margulis, Lynn, Symbiotic Planet : A New Look at Evolution, 1998
- Margulis, Lynn and Dorion Sagan, Acquiring Genomes: A Theory of the Origin of Species, Basic Books, 2002.
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